The best way to improve as a photographer is to take your time. We are all so visually literate with so much of our world image orientated with TV, magazines, newspapers etc. that if we take a second to think about our photos we can intuitively improve our pictures.
Simplify your photos. If you can eliminate distracting details your "Story" will be become clearer.
Compositional tools:
Lines Lead
Patterns are Pleasing
Diagonals are Dynamic
Some of your cameras actually can show those "Rule of Thirds" lines. On the camera those are called Grid lines.
White balance can usually be left on "AUTO" but if you see the picture in the LCD on the back of the camera is a funny colour try switching the white balance.
ISO settings control how sensitive the image sensor is to light. Cranking up the ISO enables us to take pictures in dark areas like gymnasiums. As we increase the ISO the image will gather more "noise" because we are amplifying the electronic signal.
I recommend that you use the highest quality (file size) available. You can always size down the photo later but trying to increase the size may degrade picture quality.
Two things control how light is gathered into the camera.
The aperture and the shutter.
A large aperture lets in a lot of light and creates a shallow depth of field. That helps throw the background out of focus while emphasizing the subject that we are focused on.
Portrait mode will open up that aperture.
A small aperture lets in much less light but creates more depth of field. That helps keep everything from foreground to background in sharp focus.
Landscape mode closes the aperture.
The shutter controls how long the exposure will be.
A fast shutter speed stops the action and a slow shutter will blur anything moving.
Sport mode uses the fastest shutterspeed available for the amount of light available.
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